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#The category of number. Irregular plurals. Singular and plural invariable nouns.

Number – the form of the noun which shows whether one or more than one object is meant.
Variable have sg and pl. Invariable have only sg or only pl.
IRREGULAR PLURALS
Voicing: 12 nouns ending in –f form their plurals changing f to ve
Wife, life, wolf, calf, knife, half, self, shelf, thief, leaf, elf, loaf
Mutation or a change of vowel: men, women, mice, lice
-En plural: oxen, children, brethren
Zero: nationality nouns, quantitative nouns (million, dozen), nouns in –s (series, means), animal names (sheep, deer)
SINGULAR INVARIABLE NOUNS
Material nouns: sand, water
Abstract nouns: music, homework
Proper names: London
Substantivized adjectives: the true, the beautiful, the unknown
Some nouns ending in –s: diabetes, billiards,news, aerobics
Some proper names: The United States, Athens
PLURAL INVARIABLE NOUNS
Words denoting things consisting of 2 matching parts: shorts, scissors, jeans
Plural proper names: The Hebrides, the Middle Ages
Unmarked plural nouns: cattle, police, clergy
Substantivized adjectives: the rich, the poor, the old
+outskirts, minutes, thanks, stairs, earnings, finals